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A "Free" Relay Attack Taking Advantage of The Lack of Full-RBF In Core

A "Free" Relay Attack Taking Advantage of The Lack of Full-RBF In Core

Original Postby David A. Harding

Posted on: July 21, 2024 15:35 UTC

In exploring the intricacies of Replace-By-Fee (RBF) and its potential impact on network security and efficiency, a particular focus has been placed on comparing RBF-related free relay attacks with other forms of relay attacks in terms of bandwidth usage per dollar spent.

The analysis reveals that RBF-related attacks do not significantly differ in bandwidth consumption from other attack vectors. This insight is drawn from an examination of scenarios where attackers might exploit transaction relaying to their advantage, especially through the use of "forcible insertion" tactics that align with miners' incentives but breach anti-DoS measures. Such strategies involve presenting a more attractive transaction to miners while simultaneously flooding the network with less appealing versions, thereby manipulating the transaction relay process and potentially causing discrepancies in the transaction sets held by miners and relay nodes.

The discussion further delves into the effectiveness of weak blocks as a tool for decentralized communication between miners and relay nodes. Weak blocks are highlighted as a robust mechanism against distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, capable of facilitating preemptive resolution of conflicts arising from differing transaction pools without central coordination. This aspect underscores the utility of weak blocks in maintaining network resilience against certain types of relay attacks.

However, when considering mitigation strategies for these relay attacks, including those exploiting RBF mechanics, a proposal emerges to significantly restrict transaction and mempool sizes alongside increasing default mempool fee rates. While such measures could theoretically curb free relay attacks by making it unfeasible to relay low-fee transactions or large transaction packages, they also pose risks of disrupting legitimate network activities and pre-signed transactions, leading to potential financial losses and limiting the network's utility.

The dialogue transitions into a broader contemplation of how evolving network policies and technological innovations could address the challenge of relay attacks without imposing restrictive limits on transaction characteristics. Potential solutions include employing transaction set reconciliation, enhancing consensus on transaction selection among independent nodes, and leveraging miner commitments to their mempool contents for more transparent relay processes. Despite these advancements, the inherent limitations of RBF in the context of relay attacks are acknowledged, suggesting a cautious approach toward integrating pure RBF mechanisms into Bitcoin Core. The conversation concludes with an acknowledgment of ongoing discussions and proposed changes in Bitcoin's relay and replace-by-fee policies, as captured in a GitHub discussion, indicating a deliberate and measured evaluation of RBF's role within the broader strategy for safeguarding Bitcoin's transaction relay integrity.